Bangalore, now officially known as Bengaluru, has a rich history and cultural heritage. Its name change over the years shows the city’s diverse influences. From Bengaval-uru in the 9th century to its current name, Bangalore’s story is captivating.
The name “Bangalore” comes from “Bengaluru” in Kannada, dating back to the 9th century. Initially, it was called Bengaval-uru, meaning “the city of guards.” This name likely came from its strategic location and role in protecting the area.
Through the ages, the city’s name changed, influenced by different rulers and languages. In the 12th century, it was Benda-kaalu-ooru, or “the town of boiled beans,” based on a local legend. By the 16th century, it was Bendakaluru, eventually becoming Bangalore.
Key Takeaways
- Bangalore’s name evolved from Bengaval-uru in the 9th century to Bengaluru in the 21st century.
- The city’s name has been shaped by various rulers and linguistic changes over the centuries.
- The name “Bangalore” comes from “Bengaluru,” meaning “the city of guards.”
- The city was also known as Benda-kaalu-ooru and Bendakaluru in the 16th century.
- Bangalore was officially renamed Bengaluru in 2014, returning to its original name.
The Ancient Origins of Bengaluru
Bengaluru, the lively capital of Karnataka, has a deep history. The first mention of the city is from the 9th century. A stone at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur talks about a “Bengaluru war” in 890 CE.
Studies show people lived here as far back as 4,000 BCE. In Koramangala, archaeologists found graves from the Iron Age, around 1,000 BCE. This shows how Bengaluru started to grow.
Significance in South Indian Kingdoms
Bengaluru has always been important in South India’s culture and politics. It was ruled by dynasties like the Western Ganga, Cholas, Hoysalas, and Vijayanagara Empire. These rulers greatly influenced the city’s growth and identity.
Discoveries like Roman coins, from 27 BCE, found in places like HAL Airport and Yeshwantpur, are key. They show Bengaluru was a hub for trade with distant lands. This highlights its strategic and historical value.
How Bangalore Got Its Name: From Bendakaluru to Bangalore
The name Bengaluru, now known as Bangalore, has a long and interesting history. It comes from different languages and times, showing the city’s lively past.
Many believe the name came from “Bengaval-uru,” meaning “the city of guards” in the 9th century. This idea links to the city’s military past. It also suggests a mix of “Bengu,” the Kannada word for “guard,” and “ooru,” meaning “town.”
Another theory says the name comes from “Benda-kaalu-ooru,” or “the town of boiled beans.” This story goes back to the 12th century. It tells of a Hoysala king who was fed boiled beans by an old woman, earning the town its name.
The name “Bangalore” was used during the British rule. It stayed until 2014, when the city went back to Bengaluru. This change was a big step in reclaiming the city’s cultural roots.
Now, Bengaluru is known as India’s Silicon Valley, a center of tech and innovation. Yet, its name remains a mystery, showing the city’s complex and rich history.
The Legend of Veera Ballala II and the Boiled Beans
The name Benda-kaalu-ooru, the precursor to modern-day Bangalore, is linked to a captivating legend. It involves the 12th-century Hoysala king, Veera Ballala II. During a hunting expedition, the lost king found a poor old woman who offered him a humble meal of boiled beans.
Touched by her kindness, the grateful Veera Ballala II named the area Benda-kaalu-ooru. This name translates to “the town of boiled beans” in the local language.
The Lost King’s Journey
Veera Ballala II, the Hoysala ruler, was out on a hunting trip. He became separated from his entourage. Tired and hungry, the king wandered the unfamiliar terrain, searching for a way back to his palace.
The Old Woman’s Hospitality
In his hour of need, the king met a kind-hearted old woman. Despite her own poverty, she welcomed him and offered him a simple meal of boiled beans. Touched by her generosity, the Bangalore legend says Veera Ballala II was inspired to name the area Benda-kaalu-ooru.
This was to honor the old woman’s humble yet heartfelt hospitality.
Birth of Benda-kaalu-ooru
The legend of Veera Ballala II and the boiled beans has endured. It has become a cherished part of Bangalore’s rich history. The name Benda-kaalu-ooru, which eventually evolved into the modern Bengaluru, shows the power of kindness.
“The name Bengaluru has its roots in the legend of Veera Ballala II and the boiled beans, a story that has captured the imagination of locals and visitors alike.”
Kempegowda’s Role in Establishing Modern Bangalore
Kempé Gowdā was a key figure in Bangalore’s history. He ruled under the Vijayanagara Empire and is known as the city’s founder. He took charge in 1513 and ruled for 46 years until his death in 1569.
In 1526, he built the Bangalore Fort. Then, in 1537, he moved his capital to Bengaluru, starting the city’s growth. He built a red fort with eight gates and a moat, creating a strong foundation for the city.
Kempegowda did more than just build structures. He also built temples, water tanks, and other important infrastructure. These projects helped the city’s population and economy grow.
His vision is seen in today’s Bangalore. He created “petes” for different occupations, boosting the economy. He also built forts and water systems, preparing the city for future growth.
Many landmarks and institutions in Bangalore are named after Kempegowda. This includes the Kempegowda Bus Station and the Kempegowda International Airport. His legacy continues to shape the city, making him a true visionary.
“Kempegowda’s far-sightedness is evident in his urban planning, water management, and economic sustainability efforts that continue to benefit the people of Bengaluru.”
The Etymology of Bengaluru: Different Theories
The name “Bengaluru” has a rich history. Several theories explain how it got its name. One theory says it comes from “benga,” the Kannada word for a certain tree.
Another theory suggests it means “the city of guards.” This could be because it was a defensive outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries.
The city’s name has changed over time. The first mention of “Bengaluru” is in an 890 CE inscription. It was found in the Panchalingeshwara Temple in Begur.
The Benga Tree Connection
The Benga tree, or Pterocarpus marsupium, is found in Bangalore. It’s thought the city’s name comes from this tree, as it was common in the area.
The City of Guards Theory
Another theory says “Bengaluru” means “the city of guards.” It was built as a defense during the Ganga dynasty’s rule.
Local Linguistic Evolution
The city’s name has evolved with local languages. The first “Bengaluru” mention is in an 890 CE inscription. It was found in the Panchalingeshwara Temple in Begur.
Though the exact origin of “Bengaluru” is debated, these theories offer insights. They highlight the city’s cultural and linguistic heritage.
British Influence on the City’s Name
The British East India Company took control of Bangalore in 1799 after the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. During their rule, they made “Bangalore” the common name. This replaced names like “Bengaluru Kadana” and others.
The British built a military area, or cantonment, in Bangalore. This area was separate from the old city. This division shaped Bangalore’s growth and character.
The British’s influence on Bangalore’s name was part of a bigger anglicization of Bangalore. This was a common move across India during their rule. It showed the power of the time.
“The British East India Company captured Bangalore in 1799 after the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. The anglicized name ‘Bangalore’ became widely used during British rule.”
The British rule in Bangalore had a big impact on the city. It changed its physical look and how it was seen by others. Today, India is trying to reclaim its historical identity.
The Transition from Bangalore to Bengaluru
In 2006, the Government of Karnataka decided to rename Bangalore to Bengaluru. This move aimed to bring back the city’s historical and cultural roots. The change officially happened on November 1, 2014, along with 11 other cities in the state.
Modern Name Change Movement
The idea of renaming cities in India started in the 1990s. It was after the country opened up its economy. People wanted to keep their local identities and cultural heritage alive, as cities changed with globalization.
Official Recognition in 2014
After much thought, Karnataka’s government made Bangalore Bengaluru in 2014. This move followed a trend in India, like Bombay becoming Mumbai and Madras becoming Chennai.
Cultural Impact of Renaming
The name change from Bangalore to Bengaluru has deeply touched the city’s people and the Kannada-speaking community. It connects the city to its rich history, making it a center of South Indian culture and heritage.
| City | Previous Name | New Name |
|---|---|---|
| Bangalore | Bangalore | Bengaluru |
| Mangalore | Mangalore | Mangaluru |
| Mysore | Mysore | Mysuru |
| Bellary | Bellary | Ballari |
| Belgaum | Belgaum | Belagavi |
| Hubli | Hubli | Hubballi |
| Tumkur | Tumkur | Tumakuru |
| Bijapur | Bijapur | Vijayapura |
| Chikmagalur | Chikmagalur | Chikkamagaluru |
| Gulbarga | Gulbarga | Kalaburagi |
| Hospet | Hospet | Hosapete |
| Shimoga | Shimoga | Shivamogga |
The renaming of Bangalore to Bengaluru was part of a bigger trend in Karnataka. It shows a focus on keeping local heritage alive as cities grow and change.
Historical Inscriptions and Archaeological Evidence
Bangalore’s history is written in many inscriptions and archaeological finds. These treasures give us a peek into the city’s ancient times. They show us its cultural importance.
The 890 CE stone at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur is a key find. It calls the area “Benga-val-oru,” or “City of Guards” in old Kannada. This shows Bangalore’s military role back then.
Other important spots include the Chokkanathaswamy temple at Domlur and the Someshwara Temple at Ulsoor. Hero stones across the area also tell a story. These pieces help us understand Bangalore’s history.
PL Udaya Kumar, known as Bangalore’s “inscription hunter,” says there are over 1,500 recorded stones. Many are overlooked or reused, showing a lack of appreciation for their history.
Udaya Kumar leads the Bengaluru Inscriptions 3-D Digital Conservation Project. It’s funded by the Mythic Society. The goal is to digitally save and study these Bangalore inscriptions, archaeological evidence, and historical artifacts.
“Bangalore’s inscriptions are like Indiana Jones-style discoveries, each one a window into the city’s past,” says Ramjee Chandran, highlighting the importance of these historical gems.
As Bangalore grows, saving and studying these Bangalore inscriptions, archaeological evidence, and historical artifacts is key. They help us grasp the city’s rich cultural heritage.
The Cultural Heritage Behind Bangalore’s Various Names
Bangalore’s rich cultural heritage shines through its many names over the years. From “Bendakaluru” to “Bengaluru,” each name marks a different time. It shows how diverse cultures have shaped this vibrant city.
In the past, Bangalore was also called “Kalyanapuri” and “Devarayanagara.” These names highlight its importance in South Indian history and culture. They show Bangalore’s long-standing role as a center of economy, politics, and society. This goes back to the 4th century CE, when it was part of various South Indian kingdoms.
The change from “Bangalore” to “Bengaluru” in 2014 was a big cultural step. It shows the city’s commitment to its Kannada roots. This change honors Bangalore’s ancient history and its lasting cultural identity.
